You can restrict access based on the HTTP referrer. It’s not bulletproof (Referrer can be spoofed) but it will stop casual downloads.

Suppose you have a website with domain name (www.devopsschool.com or devopsschool.com) with links to photos and videos stored in your S3 bucket, examplebucket. By default, all the S3 resources are private, so only the AWS account that created the resources can access them. To allow read access to these objects from your website, you can add a bucket policy that allows s3:GetObject permission with a condition, using the aws:Referer key, that the get request must originate from specific webpages. The following policy specifies the StringLike condition with the aws:Referer condition key.

{
  "Version":"2012-10-17",
  "Id":"http referer policy example",
  "Statement":[
    {
      "Sid":"Allow get requests originating from www.example.com and example.com.",
      "Effect":"Allow",
      "Principal":"*",
      "Action":"s3:GetObject",
      "Resource":"arn:aws:s3:::examplebucket/*",
      "Condition":{
        "StringLike":{"aws:Referer":["http://www.example.com/*","http://example.com/*"]}
      }
    }
  ]
}

You can further secure access to objects in the examplebucket bucket by adding explicit deny to the bucket policy as shown in the following example. Explicit deny supersedes any permission you might grant to objects in the examplebucket bucket using other means such as ACLs or user policies.

{
   "Version": "2012-10-17",
   "Id": "http referer policy example",
   "Statement": [
     {
       "Sid": "Allow get requests referred by www.example.com and example.com.",
       "Effect": "Allow",
       "Principal": "*",
       "Action": "s3:GetObject",
       "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::examplebucket/*",
       "Condition": {
         "StringLike": {"aws:Referer": ["http://www.example.com/*","http://example.com/*"]}
       }
     },
      {
        "Sid": "Explicit deny to ensure requests are allowed only from specific referer.",
        "Effect": "Deny",
        "Principal": "*",
        "Action": "s3:*",
        "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::examplebucket/*",
        "Condition": {
          "StringNotLike": {"aws:Referer": ["http://www.example.com/*","http://example.com/*"]}
        }
      }
   ]
}

{
  "Id": "Policy1560396001395",
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "Stmt1560395998201",
      "Action": [
        "s3:GetObject"
      ],
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::devops-t1/*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringLike": {
          "aws:Referer": "https://www.devopsschool.com/*"
        }
      },
      "Principal": "*"
    }
  ]
}

{
    "Version": "2008-10-17",
    "Id": "http referer policy example",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Sid": "Allow get requests originated from www.example.com and example.com",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Principal": {
                "AWS": "*"
            },
            "Action": "s3:GetObject",
            "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::devopsschoolmumbai/*",
            "Condition": {
                "StringLike": {
                    "aws:Referer": [
                        "https://www.devopsschool.com/*",
                        "https://devopsschool.com/*",
                        "https://devopsschool.com*",
                        "https://devopsschool.com"
                    ]
                }
            }
        }
    ]
}

Rajesh Kumar

I’m a DevOps/SRE/DevSecOps/Cloud Expert passionate about sharing knowledge and experiences. I am working at Cotocus. I blog tech insights at DevOps School, travel stories at Holiday Landmark, stock market tips at Stocks Mantra, health and fitness guidance at My Medic Plus, product reviews at I reviewed , and SEO strategies at Wizbrand. 

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