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Python

Python Tutorials: DataTypes In Python

August 29, 2020 comments off

Datatype represents the type of data stored into a variable or memory.
Type of Data type :-
1.Built-in Data type
2.User Defined Data type

Built-in Datatype

These datatypes are provided by Python Language.
Following are the built-in data type:-
1.None Type
2.Numeric Types
3.Sequences
4.Sets
5.Mappings

User Defined Data type

1.Array
2.Class
3.Module

None Type

None datatype represents an object that doesn’t contain any value.

Numeric Type / Number

Following are the Numeric Data type:-
1.Int
2.Float
3.Complex

# Python Numbers
# Integers, floating point numbers and complex numbers falls under Python numbers category. They are defined as int, float and complex class in Python.
# We can use the type() function to know which class a variable or a value belongs to
# The isinstance() function to check if an object belongs to a particular class.
a = 5
print(a, "is of type", type(a))
a = 2.0
print(a, "is of type", type(a))
a = 1+2j
print(a, "is complex number?", isinstance(1+2j,complex))
# Integers can be of any length, it is only limited by the memory available.
# A floating point number is accurate up to 15 decimal places. Integer and floating points are separated by decimal points. 1 is integer, 1.0 is floating point number.
# Complex numbers are written in the form, x + yj, where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part. Here are some examples.
>>> a = 1234567890123456789
>>> a
1234567890123456789
>>> b = 0.1234567890123456789
>>> b
0.12345678901234568
>>> c = 1+2j
>>> c
(1+2j)
Python List
List is an ordered sequence of items. It is one of the most used datatype in Python and is very flexible. All the items in a list do not need to be of the same type.
a = [5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40]
# a[2] = 15
print("a[2] = ", a[2])
# a[0:3] = [5, 10, 15]
print("a[0:3] = ", a[0:3])
# a[5:] = [30, 35, 40]
print("a[5:] = ", a[5:])
# Python Tuple
# Tuple is an ordered sequence of items same as list.The only difference is that tuples are immutable. Tuples once created cannot be modified.
t = (5,'program', 1+3j)
# t[1] = 'program'
print("t[1] = ", t[1])
# t[0:3] = (5, 'program', (1+3j))
print("t[0:3] = ", t[0:3])
# Generates error
# Tuples are immutable
t[0] = 10
Python Strings
String is sequence of Unicode characters. We can use single quotes or double quotes to represent strings. Multi-line strings can be denoted using triple quotes, ''' or """.
s = 'Hello world!'
print("s = ", s)
# s[4] = 'o'
print("s[4] = ", s[4])
# s[6:11] = 'world'
print("s[6:11] = ", s[6:11])
# Generates error
# Strings are immutable in Python
s[5] ='d'
Python Set
Set is an unordered collection of unique items. Set is defined by values separated by comma inside braces { }. Items in a set are not ordered.
a = {5,2,3,1,4}
# printing set variable
print("a = ", a)
# data type of variable a
print(type(a))
# Python Dictionary
# Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs.
d = {1:'value','key':2}
print(type(d))
print("d[1] = ", d[1]);
print("d['key'] = ", d['key']);
# Generates error
print("d[2] = ", d[2]);
# Conversion between data types
We can convert between different data types by using different type conversion functions like int(), float(), str() etc.
float(5)
int(10.6)
float('2.5')
str(25)
int('1p')
set([1,2,3])
tuple({5,6,7})
list('hello')
dict([[1,2],[3,4]])
dict([(3,26),(4,44)])
view raw python-datatypes-1.py hosted with ❤ by GitHub
# Literal is a raw data given in a variable or constant
#Integer Literal
a = 0b1010 #Binary Literals
b = 100 #Decimal Literal
c = 0o310 #Octal Literal
d = 0x12c #Hexadecimal Literal
#Float Literal
float_1 = 10.5
float_2 = 1.5e2
#Complex Literal
x = 3.14j
print(a, b, c, d)
print(float_1, float_2)
print(x, x.imag, x.real)
# When we print the variables, all the literals are converted into decimal values
# A string literal is a sequence of characters surrounded by quotes. We can use both single, double or triple quotes for a string.
strings = "This is Python"
char = "C"
multiline_str = """This is a multiline string with more than one line code."""
unicode = u"\u00dcnic\u00f6de"
raw_str = r"raw \n string"
print(strings)
print(char)
print(multiline_str)
print(unicode)
print(raw_str)
# A Boolean literal can have any of the two values: True or False.
x = (1 == True)
y = (1 == False)
a = True + 4
b = False + 10
print("x is", x)
print("y is", y)
print("a:", a)
print("b:", b)
# Boolean literals
# A Boolean literal can have any of the two values: True or False.
x = (1 == True)
y = (1 == False)
a = True + 4
b = False + 10
print("x is", x)
print("y is", y)
print("a:", a)
print("b:", b)
view raw python-datatypes.py hosted with ❤ by GitHub

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